• br The modulation of ER from

  2020-09-19

  

  The modulation of ERα: from SERMs to TSECs Continued efforts to provide women with efficacious menopausal therapies have generated interest in the development of selective mineralocorticoid receptor receptor modulators (SERMs). Similar to estrogens, SERMs have been shown to bind to ERs with high

• In the brain E can modulate

  2020-09-19

  

  In the brain, E2 can modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway, which is involved in the formation of different memory types (Atkins et al., 1998, Blum et al., 1999, Schafe et al., 2000). When the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated,

• br Conflicts of interest br

  2020-09-19

  

  Conflicts of interest Author contributions Acknowledgements This work was supported by the University of Brescia (ex 60%) and Siderurgica Leonessa research funds to AF. RR was supported by Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro - AIRC (MFAG 18459 grant). We are grateful to Umberto

• br Cytochrome P monooxygenases Cytochrome P monooxygenases

  2020-09-19

  

  Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) belong to one of Nature’s most versatile group of enzymes for C–H functionalization and are able to perform challenging regioselective and stereoselective activations of remote, unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds, for which there are o

• The different serotypes A G have unique receptors to which

  2020-09-19

  

  The different serotypes (A-G) have unique receptors to which they bind to produce the toxic effect on the nerve cells. (Lance, 2004, Rosetto et al., 2014). Intracellularly, the endopeptidase activity of different serotypes of BoNT target selectively a unique group of proteins, the SNARE Z-DEVD-AFC (

• Expression of both CH H and

  2020-09-18

  

  Expression of both CH25H and CYP7B1 by lymphoid stromal jak stat pathway is required for the synthesis of 7α,25-OHC in lymphoid tissues and the correct positioning of B cells. Production of EBI2 ligand by hematopoietically derived cells appears limited [24] but may occur under some circumstances, g

• The LNX ligand of numb protein X or PDZRN

  2020-09-18

  

  The LNX (ligand of numb protein-X) or PDZRN (PDZ and RING) family of proteins consists of five members (LNX1–LNX5), the first four of which act as E3‐ubiquitin ligases in various roles, as reviewed elsewhere [14]. LNX proteins comprise a RING domain and two to four PDZ (PSD-95, DlgA, ZO-1) domains [

• br Conclusions Mulan is a mitochondrial

  2020-09-18

  

  Conclusions Mulan is a mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase with diverse roles in cell growth, cell death, and mitophagy. To better understand the mechanism of Mulan\'s function we used a modified yeast two-hybrid system to isolate proteins that interact with its cytoplasmic RING domain (amino acids

• br The ubiquitin proteasome system The

  2020-09-18

  

  The ubiquitin proteasome system The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a significant role in the regulation of cell growth and survival, in addition to maintaining cellular homeostasis. By means of the UPS, Angiotensin 1/2 (1-9) synthesis can precisely and temporally degrade approximately 80

• Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex PDHc catalyzes th

  2020-09-18

  

  Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDHc) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, and subsequently acetylates coenzyme A (CoA) to acetyl-CoA during the tricarboxylic rifampicin metabolic pathway using thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) and Mg2+ as cofactors. PDHc poses a key role in c

• ATP dependent DNA ligases in vertebrates are

  2020-09-18

  

  ATP-dependent DNA ligases in vertebrates are divided in three families [7]. Family I DNA ligases are responsible for sealing the nicks during DNA replication and in long-patch base excision repair (BER). Family III DNA ligases are involved in short-patch BER. Lastly, family IV DNA ligases are involv

• br Acknowledgements br This work was supported by grants fro

  2020-09-18

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 30260088) and the prophase research for National “973” Project of China (Grant No.: 2007CB116203). The DNA sequences of Hbvp1 and the Hbvp1 promoter were deposited in GenBank, an

• p kip is a member of the

  2020-09-17

  

  p27kip1 is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor family that acts as a potent tumor suppressor in a variety of human cancers and negatively regulates the transition of cells from the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle, protects against inflammatory injury and promotes epithelial diffe

• Physiological changes induced by CRF are mediated

  2020-09-17

  

  Physiological changes induced by CRF are mediated through CRF1 and CRF2 receptors (Chang et al., 1993, Lovenberg et al., 1995). Previous findings with CRF1 receptor antagonists showed that activation of CRF1 receptor is involved in maternal separation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (Kehne et al.,

• br Conclusions Taken together a distinct contrast is

  2020-09-17

  

  Conclusions Taken together, a distinct contrast is observed between ERK1/2 phosphorylation in hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic beta 2 adrenergic receptor regions. The hypothalamus is the only brain region where ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased 15minutes after the OF stressor. In SD rats CR

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