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Interferon IFN induces formation of a heterotetrameric IFN g
2020-09-21
Interferon (IFN)-γ induces formation of a heterotetrameric, IFN-gamma-activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) complex in human monocytic Fatostatin A (Mazumder et al., 2003a, Sampath et al., 2004). The complex binds a bipartite stem-loop element in the 3′UTR of vascular endothelial growth factor
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br Acknowledgement AM and SK thank ICMR New Delhi India
2020-09-21
Acknowledgement AM and SK thank ICMR, New Delhi, India for the financial assistance BIC/12(32)/2012. SK is the recipient of JRF from the project. RK and GJ thank Bristol-Myer Squibb (Grant # 34003085), USA for financial support. Introduction Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is a high
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CDK lacks DNA binding domains and nuclear localization seque
2020-09-21
CDK6 lacks DNA-binding domains and nuclear localization sequences, and therefore will probably be transported to the nucleus by a ‘piggy-back’ mechanism and needs to contact its specific sites indirectly through DNA-binding proteins. Besides NF-κB p65, a further candidate transcription factor is PAX
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To date the role of CRF and CRF neurons within
2020-09-19
To date, the role of CRF and CRF1+ neurons within the amygdala in the expression of anxiety-like behavior and conditioned fear, and the place where these cell populations fit into the fear-related microcircuitry already identified in the CeA, have not been fully characterized. Recent evidence suppor
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In order to further evaluate cpt a
2020-09-19
In order to further evaluate cpt1a function, we determined its tissue distribution in large yellow croaker. The mRNA levels of cpt1a were detected in all the tested tissues, but at varying levels. cpt1a mRNA expression was the highest in liver among different tissues, similar to reports in other fi
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br The modulation of ER from
2020-09-19
The modulation of ERα: from SERMs to TSECs Continued efforts to provide women with efficacious menopausal therapies have generated interest in the development of selective mineralocorticoid receptor receptor modulators (SERMs). Similar to estrogens, SERMs have been shown to bind to ERs with high
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In the brain E can modulate
2020-09-19
In the brain, E2 can modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway, which is involved in the formation of different memory types (Atkins et al., 1998, Blum et al., 1999, Schafe et al., 2000). When the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated,
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br Conflicts of interest br
2020-09-19
Conflicts of interest Author contributions Acknowledgements This work was supported by the University of Brescia (ex 60%) and Siderurgica Leonessa research funds to AF. RR was supported by Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro - AIRC (MFAG 18459 grant). We are grateful to Umberto
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br Cytochrome P monooxygenases Cytochrome P monooxygenases
2020-09-19
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) belong to one of Nature’s most versatile group of enzymes for C–H functionalization and are able to perform challenging regioselective and stereoselective activations of remote, unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds, for which there are o
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The different serotypes A G have unique receptors to which
2020-09-19
The different serotypes (A-G) have unique receptors to which they bind to produce the toxic effect on the nerve cells. (Lance, 2004, Rosetto et al., 2014). Intracellularly, the endopeptidase activity of different serotypes of BoNT target selectively a unique group of proteins, the SNARE Z-DEVD-AFC (
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Expression of both CH H and
2020-09-18
Expression of both CH25H and CYP7B1 by lymphoid stromal jak stat pathway is required for the synthesis of 7α,25-OHC in lymphoid tissues and the correct positioning of B cells. Production of EBI2 ligand by hematopoietically derived cells appears limited [24] but may occur under some circumstances, g
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The LNX ligand of numb protein X or PDZRN
2020-09-18
The LNX (ligand of numb protein-X) or PDZRN (PDZ and RING) family of proteins consists of five members (LNX1–LNX5), the first four of which act as E3‐ubiquitin ligases in various roles, as reviewed elsewhere [14]. LNX proteins comprise a RING domain and two to four PDZ (PSD-95, DlgA, ZO-1) domains [
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br Conclusions Mulan is a mitochondrial
2020-09-18
Conclusions Mulan is a mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase with diverse roles in cell growth, cell death, and mitophagy. To better understand the mechanism of Mulan\'s function we used a modified yeast two-hybrid system to isolate proteins that interact with its cytoplasmic RING domain (amino acids
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br The ubiquitin proteasome system The
2020-09-18
The ubiquitin proteasome system The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a significant role in the regulation of cell growth and survival, in addition to maintaining cellular homeostasis. By means of the UPS, Angiotensin 1/2 (1-9) synthesis can precisely and temporally degrade approximately 80
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex PDHc catalyzes th
2020-09-18
Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDHc) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, and subsequently acetylates coenzyme A (CoA) to acetyl-CoA during the tricarboxylic rifampicin metabolic pathway using thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) and Mg2+ as cofactors. PDHc poses a key role in c
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