• While CART increased circulating levels of GIP and GLP in

  2021-12-17

  

  While CART increased circulating levels of GIP and GLP-1 in vivo, we were unable to detect any effect of exogenous CART on GIP and GLP-1 mRNA expression or GLP-1 secretion in vitro. There is no ready explanation for this discrepancy. The CART doses used (both in vivo and in vitro) have been shown to

• Clinical trials of all GSIs have

  2021-12-17

  

  Clinical trials of all GSIs have ended prematurely, raising the question on our understanding of their target, the γ-secretase/presenilin. Development of compounds to target γ-secretase and reduce Aβ production is complicated by the fact that γ-secretase/presenilin has critical biological function,

• A majority of aptamer based

  2021-12-16

  

  A majority of aptamer-based biosensors (termed aptasensors) is based on structure-switching process of aptamer probes upon target binding [[12], [13], [14], [15]]. And canonical structure-switching aptamer probes are strand-displacement aptamer probes, aptamer beacons and split aptamers [[16], [17],

• Previously we have isolated liver

  2021-12-16

  

  Previously we have isolated liver FBPase from Pelophylax esculentus (former Rana esculenta, Frost et al., 2006) and characterized its kinetic properties (Dziewulska-Szwajkowska and Dzugaj, 1999) on the contrary the muscle FBPase has never been fully characterized. The primary aim of the present pape

• fk506 br Acknowledgments This research was

  2021-12-16

  

  Acknowledgments This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grants GM58442 and GM084152, as well as the National Institutes of Health Predoctoral Training Grant 5T32GM008700-13. We thank Eric Oldfield (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) for providing the FDPS inhibitor

• Recently some published studies showed that HBV can induce a

  2021-12-16

  

  Recently, some published studies showed that HBV can induce autophagy in vitro and vivo [[19], [20], [21]]. The critical role of autophagy in HBV normal life cycle, such as HBV envelopment, has been gradually accepted by researchers from different laboratories [22,23]. HBV can trigger the autophagic

• Membrane based integrative treatment processes emerge as pot

  2021-12-16

  

  Membrane based integrative treatment processes emerge as potential solution compared to the conventional techniques. Gisi et al. (2009) presented a treatment scheme for tannery wastewater consisting of a biological pre-treatment and then a polymer as coagulant followed by reverse Actinonin with a p

• Although historically the two ROCK isoforms have

  2021-12-16

  

  Although historically, the two ROCK isoforms have been viewed as redundant, recent observations show that the two isoforms of ROCK might have different functions (Newell-Litwa et al., 2015). Knockdown of ROCK1 was found to result in cell rounding and a decrease in cell size while cells with knockdo

• Some biguanides can cross the mitochondrial membrane and

  2021-12-16

  

  Some biguanides can cross the mitochondrial membrane and increase L-lactate formation by inhibiting oxidative 5,7-dihydroxychromone [34]. On the other hand, it has also been reported that levels of fasting plasma lactate in T2DM patients are similar regardless of whether or not metformin is adminis

• Even though for almost years GnRH was considered the

  2021-12-16

  

  Even though for almost 30 years GnRH was considered the main neuropeptide regulating gonadotropin release in vertebrates, Tsutsui et al. (2000) discovered, in the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, a hypothalamic neuropeptide that directly inhibits gonadotropin release, and thus named as gonadotropi

• Z-WEHD-FMK After initial validation of the ability of Ad Cre

  2021-12-16

  

  After initial validation of the ability of Ad5-Cre virus to express Cre recombinase protein in glial cells in vitro and in vivo, we employed this virus to induce site-specific deletion of our target GlyT1 in the thalamus, through injection of the cKO GlyT1 mice. This transgenic line was constructed

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2021-12-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The glucose transporter GLUT1 can be acutely activated or inhibited in L929 fibroblast factor xa inhibitor by a wide variety of reagents or nutrient conditions [[9], [10], [11], [12],36,50]. This abrupt change in the activity of GLUT1 occurs within m

• Acknowledgments br Introduction Type diabetes mellitus

  2021-12-16

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The clinical management of T2DM is achieved by controlling blood glucose levels. Current therapies available for treatment of T2DM include biguanides

• br Fipronil resistance associated with

  2021-12-16

  

  Fipronil resistance associated with A2′S and A2′G mutations Fipronil is a second-generation NCA (Fig. 1), and A2′S and A2′G mutations provide a low level of cross-resistance to fipronil (Cole et al., 1995, Gao et al., 2007). As shown in Table 1, the A2′S Betaine australia confers high resistance

• G quadruplex structures can be resolved by helicases

  2021-12-16

  

  G-quadruplex structures can be resolved by helicases. Consistently, many helicases are aberrantly expressed in cancer SB 216763 [47]. In this study, we correlated HOXC10 expression with that of all helicases using a microarray dataset derived from 759 breast cancer patients [36] and discovered that

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